Table 1 Concise listing of installed capacities of specific renewables in MW and nation-wise significant or weak contributors as per IRENA, 2023 [16]

Solar Energy

1061632

(Off grid excluded ~ 4340)

China (393032); India (63193); Germany (66664); Korea Rp (23294); Italy (25083); Netherlands (18849); Spain (20518); Australia (29617); USA (113 015

); Brazil (24079); Vietnam (25719); Japan (83055); South Africa (6326) ‘o’

Congo Rep (1); Liberia (3); Angola (2); Benin-(3); South Sudan (2); Bhutan (1); Tajikistan (-);St Barth (-);St Martin (-); Greenland (-), Solomon Is (3);Montenegro (2); Indonesia (3) ‘o’

Concentrated Solar Power

6602

Africa (1085); China (596); Spain (2304); North America (1497); USA (1480); Chile (108) ‘o’

Australia (3); Mexico (17), India (-); Indonesia (-); Thailand (5); Germany (2); Oceania (3); Saudi Arabia & Kuwait (~ 50); rest (-) ‘e’

Bio energy

150671

Africa (1866); China (34088); India (10670); Germany (9877); UK (7373); USA (11296); Brazil (17206); ‘o & e’

Liberia (-); Madagascar (-);Rwanda (-); Bangladesh (-); Albania (1); Iran (14); Israel (26); UAE (0) ‘o’

Renewable waste to Solid biofuels

126418

China (32161); India (10656); USA (9205); Brazil (16702); Finland (2603); ‘o’

Bangladesh (-); Maldives (-); Srilanka (45); Greece (60); Middle East (15); ‘o’

Municipal waste to fuel

21994

China (16406); Singapore (400); UK (756); USA (1025); ‘o’

Indonesia (12); Malaysia (7); Srilanka (5); Brazil (35); ‘o’

Bagasse

waste to fuel

20783

Africa (1631); Indonesia (219); Guatemala (863); Mexico (816); Australia (500); Brazil (12277); Colombia (387);

China (-); India (-); Germany (-); Srilanka (-); Middle east (-) ‘o’

Other bioderived solid biofuels

83442

China (18755); India (10395); Thailand (3647); Denmark (1848); Germany (1558); Sweden (3093); UK (4702); USA (8009); Brazil (4390); Uruguay (2714) ‘o’

Africa (69); rest (-)

Liquid Biofuels

2741

Korea (487); Italy (919); Sweden (895); Brazil (19) ‘o’

Oceania (3); Austria (-), Belgium (-); China (-); India (-)

Biogas

21512

Egypt (56); China (1928); Thailand (635); Indonesia (149); Japan (97); Germany (7020); Italy (1382); UK (1935); USA (2089)

India (14); UAE (2); Middle east (-); rest (-)

Wind Energy

898856

Egypt (1643); China (365964); India (41930); Turkey (11 396); Italy (11870); UK (28760); Canada (15295); Oceania (1552); Australia (10555); Brazil (24163); USA (382 814); France (21120); Germany (66294) ‘o’

Africa (7687); Korea (-); Nepal & Myanmar (-);Middle East (1053)

Hydropower (off-grid)

1799

Africa (264); Asia (1310); S. America (620); Oceania (174)

Oman, Saudi Arabia, China, rest (-)

Marine

523

Asia (260); Europe (241); N. America (21); Canada (21) ‘e’

rest (-)

Geothermal

14621

Kenya (941); Indonesia (2360); Philippines (1932); Turkey (1691); Italy (772); USA (2653); ‘o & e’

India (-); China (-); Singapore (-); Germany (-); UK (-); UAE (-); Middle east (-); Australia (-)