Fig. 1

Interrelations between other SDGs and SDG 7 (SDG 7, centred on affordable and clean energy, directly, curtails reliance on costly and polluting fuels, thereby addressing poverty (SDG 1) while facilitating clean energy for healthcare services (SDG 3) and sustainable urbanization (SDG 11) through reliable infrastructure and power. It also aligns with responsible consumption and production (SDG 12), with lesser consumption of resources and reduced negative effects on ecosystem. Indirectly, SDG 7 supports all kinds of agricultural practices that promotes sustainability (SDG 2), elevates educational quality (SDG 4), empowers women by creating Jobs (SDG 5), facilitates clean water access (SDG 6), drives economic expansion (SDG 8), spurs technological innovation (SDG 9), advances social equality (SDG 10), aids climate change mitigation (SDG 13), safeguards biodiversity (SDG 14, SDG 15), and fosters peace, justice, and collaborative partnerships (SDG 16, SDG 17). This interconnectedness underscores the importance of SDG 7