Table 4 Carbon Neutral measures
From: Carbon neutral Bhutan: sustaining carbon neutral status under growth pressures
CN Measure Groups | Sector Measures | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Residential | Commercial | Transport | Industry | |
IS (Industrial Symbiosis) | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Blended cement [42] and waste heat recovery in other three major industry sub-sectors [43] |
ATECH (Advanced TECHnology) | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | Electric vehicles penetration follow the trajectory specified under the 2DS of the IEA [44]; LRT is introduced in passenger transportation catering to 30% of the travel demand from 2030; | Oxy-combustion technology in cement industry from 2045 [45]; Maerz PFR kiln system in the CaCd industry [46]; |
MF30 (Modern Fuel by 2030) | Traditional bioenergy and kerosene usage in the residential and commercial sectors are reduced to zero (replaced by biogas and electricity) by 2030 following SDG 7 (universal access to modern and clean energy for all) | Not Applicable | Not Applicable | |
F8050 (80% Fossil fuel reduction by 2050) | Fossil fuel energy demand is reduced by 80% by 2050 as per the target set by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) [47], largely driven by hydroelectricity displacing fossil fuels. This consists of different combinations of demand technologies (in terms of share or the year of entry) in each category of end-use demand in a manner that reduces fossil fuel consumption by 80% by 2050. It is not a summation of the other three measures: MF30, ATECH and IS. | |||