Table 5 Application of the framework for biophilic streets design in four analysed street projects

Traffic planning

- prioritizing pedestrians and cyclists;

- enhancing facilities for transit;

- slowing traffic.

- prioritizing pedestrians and cyclists;

- enhancing walkability standards;

- reducing existing traffic lanes;

- lowered traffic speed.

- prioritizing pedestrians and cyclist (kerb-less paving);

- narrowing existing traffic lanes;

- lowered traffic speed;

- sections of the street closed to traffic.

- limited traffic (local only)

- shared space between pedestrian and vehicles.

Energy management

- energy reduction due to ecological runoff treatment;

- insulation capabilities of green walls and roofs systems;

- heat island effect mitigation by tree canopies, landscaping and waterbodies.

- energy reduction due to ecological runoff treatment;

- insulation capabilities of green walls and roofs systems;

- heat island effect mitigation by tree canopies, landscaping and waterbodies.

- energy reduction due to ecological runoff treatment;

- insulation capabilities of green walls and roofs systems;

- air temperature regulation through landscaping.

- energy reduction through ‘green insulation’;

- heat island effect mitigation through landscaping and miniature raingardens.

Storm water management

- retention in underground cisterns;

- Infiltration via permeable surfaces

- purification using bio-filters (plants);

- recycling via green wall and roof systems;

- bio-filtration through daylighted stream.

- retention in underground cisterns;

- Infiltration via permeable surfaces;

- retention and bio-filtration through swales, raingardens;

- purification using bio-filters (plants);

- recycling via green wall and roof systems;

- bio-filtration through daylighted stream.

- Infiltration via permeable surfaces;

- retention and bio-filtration through stormwater planters and raingardens;

- purification using bio-filters (plants);

- recycling via green wall and roof systems.

- Infiltration via permeable surfaces;

- retention and bio-filtration through raingardens;

- recycling via green wall systems.

Biodiversity management

- green walls, roof and living stream designed for biodiversity enhancement and ecological restoration;

- daylighted and restored stream with riparian plants provide habitats for wildlife and facilitate species migration.

- green walls designed for biodiversity enhancement and ecological restoration;

- daylighted and restored stream with riparian plants provide habitats for wildlife and facilitate species migration.

- green walls designed for biodiversity enhancement and ecological restoration;

- use of native species

- green corridors connect fragmented green areas;

- raingardens provide habitat for wildlife.

- green walls, planters, miniature raingardens designed for biodiversity enhancement and ecological restoration;

- habitats for wildlife and facilitate species migration.

Street furniture

- integrated street furniture; tree pits and sittings expressing ecological sensitivity;

- parklets in parking spaces;

- natural buffer between sidewalks and traffic;

- public art supporting environmental awareness;

- permeable paving facilitating rainwater infiltration.

- green wall and roof systems;

- permeable paving facilitating rainwater infiltration.

- planter-boxes with irrigation systems;

- green wall system hanging baskets and miniature raingardens;

- permeable paving facilitating rainwater infiltration.

Activity and education

- activity features for kids: sculptures, water features;

- informative design of green walls and roofs;

- interpretive plates and signs;

- exposed ecological systems.

- interactive play equipment;

- interpretive plates and signs;

- exposed ecological systems;

- parklets and temporary installations.

- interpretive plates and signs;

- exposed ecological systems;

- green infrastructure serves educational and research purposes;

- activation of shopfronts supports community living.

- green infrastructure serves educational and research purposes.