Table 1 Lean tools in manufacturing, and their links to improved environmental performance
Lean practices related to key business operations [89] | Lean tools applied to these operations | Documented links to environmental performance | Key source literature |
|---|---|---|---|
Process and equipment management | |||
• Minimise cycle time • Reduce error through proof equipment • Impalement new technologies • Maintain order and cleanliness in the facility • Reduce setup time • Improve process efficiency and prepare for maintenance | • Value stream mapping • Cellular manufacturing • Kanban • Autonomation • 5S • Total productive maintenance • Single minute exchange of die (SMED) | • Identifying environmental impacts • Assessing areas to be improved • Improved energy efficiency and waste management | |
Manufacturing and planning | |||
• Optimise production • Managing of lot size • Management of production • Scheduling operations and maintenance • Use of visual control | • Lean layout • Value stream mapping • Push system • Pull system • Capacity planning • Kanban | • Improved waste management • Improved energy efficiency | |
Human resourcing | |||
• Train workers • Form cross departmental team • Engage employees in continuous improvement initiatives • Collective decision making | • KPI • Quality circles • Employee engagement • Kaizen events | • Improved waste, water and chemical management • Improved resource productivity • Improved energy efficiency | |